Études rurales
67
Capitalisme et précapitalisme dans les campagnes portugaises de l'entre-deux-guerres
Résumé
Cet article tente de montrer que, malgré la présence de manifestations concrètes du mode de production capitaliste dans l'agriculture portugaise de l'entre-deux-guerres -- analysées tant au niveau des formes de tenure des terres qu'à celui de la composition du travail directement ou indirectement productif --, l'articulation complexe des modes de production demeurait profondément marquée par l'emprise des grands propriétaires terriens et, partant, par la rationalité économique dérivée du « bon usage » de la rente foncière. Après avoir décrit les structures en place, l'auteur analyse les modes de production dans la sphère agricole : exploitations familiales (production domestique), exploitations agricoles de type capitaliste et latifundia. La troisième partie est consacrée à l'étude de l'articulation concrète entre ces trois modes de production.
Abstract
Capitalism and pre-capitalism in the fields of Portugal, during the period between the two World Wars. -- During the period between the two World Wars, the Portuguese agrarian economy was a mosaic of different situations, not only from the geo-economic point of view but also as far as the production modes are concerned, articulated among them in a complex manner. In the first part of this article one examines the distribution of the real estate, showing how uncorrect is the dualist conception of a country shared between a south, characterized by an absolute predominance of the giant possessions, and a north with its soil totally divided into an enormous quantity of small and tiny possessions. As a matter of fact the phenomenon of real estate concentration was also to be found in certain northern regions, partially as a consequence from the penetration of the capitalist production relations into the agriculture. Besides, the most concret examples of capitalist production relations in agriculture may be seen at two levels : that of the forms of soil exploitation and that of the composition of agricultural labour force. The second part is devoted to these two points. In the third part one examines the production models in agriculture, dealing firstly with the familiar exploitations and then with the articulation of the two models of production.
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